June 2010 - The Tax Adviser

Basis is a beneficial concept for a taxpayer—it shields the taxpayer from tax on the sale of an asset and can produce losses that reduce tax liability. It has been described as a “summary of the tax impact of [past] events” that have affected an asset. Nevertheless, basis can be elusive: It can appear or disappear when we are not paying attention. It can cling to an asset, be adjusted up or down, replicate itself, or shift to another asset. In other words, the summary that basis provides can have a number of potential twists and turns.

Debt or equity reclassification can significantly alter the intended tax consequences of financial instruments. Unfortunately, the absence of a quantitative method of weighing relevant factors within legislative and administrative authority sources has resulted in an extensive amount of litigation regarding debt-equity classifications.

A taxpayer may deduct losses generated from passive activities only to the extent of the income from such activities. For this purpose, any trade or business or other income-producing activity is passive with respect to a taxpayer if the taxpayer does not materially participate in the activity.